View Name | Description |
---|---|
tm_assoc | Binds an association with the topic that defines the association type, and the type and role player of a single role in that association. |
tm_assoc2 | Binds an association with the topic that defines the association type, and the type and role player of two separate roles in that association. |
tm_assocScope | Binds an association with each of the topics in its scope. |
tm_classHierarchy | Binds a topic with its subclass(es). |
tm_directInstanceOf | Binds a topic with the topic(s) which define its type. |
tm_name | Binds a topic with its names. |
tm_nameScope | Binds a topic name with the topics in the scope of the topic name. |
tm_nameValue | Binds a topic with its names and their string values. |
tm_nameVariant | Binds a topic with its names and name variants |
tm_nameVariantResource | Binds a topic with a name, a variant of that name and the address pointed to by the variant. |
tm_nameVariantValue | Binds a topic with a name, a variant of that name and the string value of the variant. |
tm_npclAssociationRoleConstraints | Returns information on all association role cosntraints defined in the specified topic map. |
tm_npclExtensionValues | Extracts all occurrences which meta-typed as NPCL extensions. |
tm_npclOccurrenceConstraints | Binds all occurrence constraints defined in the topic maps to the topic type and occurrence type that are constrained, the minimum and maximum cardinality of the constraint and the name and subject identifier for the constraint topic itself. |
tm_npclRolePlayerConstraints | Returns information on all NPCL role player constraints defined in the specified topic map. |
tm_npclScoping | A view that binds topic type identifier to the scoping facet value for that topic type. |
tm_npclTypes | Returns all instances of the type identified by @psi bound to a display name and their subject identifier(s). |
tm_npclValueFacets | Returns all instances of the type identified by @psi bound to a display name, their subject identifier(s) and value type facet values. |
tm_occur | Binds a topic with each of its occurrences and the occurrence type only. |
tm_occurResource | Binds a topic with an occurrence, the occurrence type and the address of the resource referenced by the occurrence. |
tm_occurScope | Binds an occurrence with the topics in the scope of the occurrence. |
tm_occurValue | Binds a topic with and occurrence, the occurrence type and the string value of the occurrence. |
tm_si | Binds a topic to its subject identifiers. |
tm_sl | Binds a topic to its subject locators. |
tm_src | Binds topic map objects with their source locator(s) and a code indicating the type of topic map object. |
tm_topic | Binds a topic with the topics that define its types. |
tm_topicmap | Binds a topic map id to its name. |
tm_tsrc | Binds a topic to its source locators. |
tm_variantScope | Binds a variant name with the topics in the scope of the variant name. |
Summary
Binds an association with the topic that defines the association type, and the type and role player of a single role in that association.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
association_id | int | The ID of the association |
association_type | int | The ID of the topic that types the association |
association_role_id | int | The ID of the association role. |
r1p | int | The ID of a role player in the association |
r1t | int | The ID of the topic that types the role played by the role player. |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each association role in each association, so a binary association will be represented by two
rows with the same association_id
column value.
Summary
Binds an association with the topic that defines the association type, and the type and role player of two separate roles in that association.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
association_id | int | The ID of the association |
association_type | int | The ID of the topic that types the association |
r1_id | int | The ID of the first association role. |
r1p | int | The ID of the first role player in the association |
r1t | int | The ID of the topic that types the role played by the first role player. |
r2_id | int | The ID of the second association role. |
r2p | int | The ID of the second role player in the association |
r2t | int | The ID of the topic that types the role played by the second role player. |
Remarks
This view displays all possible combinations of two different association roles from all associations. Associations with only one association role will not appear in this view at all. Associations with N roles will be represented by (N-1)2 rows representing all possible combinations of two roles in that association. The result of this redundancy is that it is possible to query for an association by role player or role type without concern for whether it appears as the first or second role in this table (as it will appear as both).
Summary
Binds an association with each of the topics in its scope.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
assoc_id | int | The ID of the association. |
scoping_topic_id | int | The ID of a topic that is in the scope of the association. |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each topic in the scope of each association in the system. An association which is unscoped will not appear in this view at all. An association with N topics in its scope will appear in the view N times (once for each scoping topic).
Summary
Binds a topic with its subclass(es).
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The identifier of the topic map containing the topics. |
superclass_id | int | The identifier of the superclass topic |
subclass_id | int | The identifier of the subclass topic |
association_id | int | The identifier of the association that binds the topics together |
Summary
Binds a topic with the topic(s) which define its type.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the topic that is the instance |
type_id | int | The ID of the topic that types the instance |
Remarks
This view only presents the direct types of the topic. To query topic types taking the XTM-defined superclass-subclass association into account, use the function tm_instanceOf
Summary
Binds a topic with its names.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the containing topic |
name_id | int | The ID of the topic name |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each topic name in the system and provides access to the container hierarchy of the topic name.
To extract the string value of the name, use the view tm_nameValue.
Summary
Binds a topic name with the topics in the scope of the topic name.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
name_id | int | The ID of the topic name |
scoping_topic_id | int | The ID of a topic in the scope of the topic name |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each topic in the scope of each topic name in the system. A topic name which is unscoped will not appear in this view at all. A topic name with N topics in its scope will appear in the view N times (once for each scoping topic).
Summary
Binds a topic with its names and their string values.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the containing topic |
name_id | int | The ID of the topic name |
name_value | varchar(512) | The string value of the topic name |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each topic name in the system and provides access to the container hierarchy for the topic name and the string value of the topic name.
Summary
Binds a topic with its names and name variants
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the containing topic |
name_id | int | The ID of the containing topic name |
variant_id | int | The ID of the variant name |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each variant name in the system. The columns of the view provide access to the complete container hierarchy for the variant name.
To query variants by their value, use either the view tm_nameVariantValue to query string-valued variants or tm_nameVariantResource to query locator-valued variants.
Summary
Binds a topic with a name, a variant of that name and the address pointed to by the variant.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the containing topic |
name_id | int | The ID of the containing topic name |
variant_id | int | The ID of the variant name |
variant_resource | varchar | The address of the locator value of the variant |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each variant name in the system with a non-null locator value. The columns of the view provide access to the complete container hierarchy for the variant name and to the locator value of the variant name.
To query variants by their string value use the view tm_nameVariantValue.
Summary
Binds a topic with a name, a variant of that name and the string value of the variant.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the containing topic |
name_id | int | The ID of the containing topic name |
variant_id | int | The ID of the variant name |
variant_value | varchar | The string value of the variant |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each variant name in the system with a non-null string value. The columns of the view provide access to the complete container hierarchy for the variant name and to the string value of the variant name.
To query variants by their locator value use the view tm_nameVariantResource.
Summary
Returns information on all association role cosntraints defined in the specified topic map.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The identifier of the topic map that contains the association role constraint definition. |
association_type_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the association type that the association role constraint applies to. |
constraint_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the association role constraint. |
mincard | ntext | The value of the minimun cardinality facet for the association role constraint. |
maxcard | ntext | The value of the maximum cardinality facet for the association role constraint. |
role_type_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the type of role allowed by the association role constraint. |
Summary
Extracts all occurrences which meta-typed as NPCL extensions.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The identifier of the topic map containing the extension. |
item_id | int | The identifier of the topic that the extension applies to. |
extension_type | nvarchar(440) | The extension type identifier. |
extension_value | ntext | The extension value. |
Summary
Binds all occurrence constraints defined in the topic maps to the topic type and occurrence type that are constrained, the minimum and maximum cardinality of the constraint and the name and subject identifier for the constraint topic itself.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topic_type_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the topic type that the occurrence constraint applies to |
constraint_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the occurrence constraint. |
constraint_name | nvarchar(512) | The display name for the occurrence constraint. |
constraint_psi | nvarchar(440) | The subject identifier for the occurrence constraint. |
mincard | ntext | The minimum cardinality for the occurrence constraint. This value should be interpreted as a non-negative integer. |
maxcard | ntext | The maximum cardinality for the occurrence constraint. This value should be interpreted as either the string 'unbounded' or a non-negative integer. |
occur_type_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the occurrence type that this occurrence constraint allows. |
Summary
Returns information on all NPCL role player constraints defined in the specified topic map.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The identifier of the topic map that contains the role player constraint. |
topic_type_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the topic type that the role player constraint applies to. |
constraint_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the role player constraint. |
mincard | ntext | The value of the minimum cardinality facet for the role player constraint. |
maxcard | ntext | The value of the maximum cardinality facet for the role player constraint. |
role_type_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the role type allowed by the role player constraint. |
assoc_type_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the association type allowed by the role player constraint. |
Summary
A view that binds topic type identifier to the scoping facet value for that topic type.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The identifier of the topic map that contains the topic type. |
topic_type_id | int | The identifier of the topic that defines the topic type. |
scoping_facet | ntext | The value of the NPCL scoping facet for the topic type. |
Remarks
Summary
Returns all instances of the type identified by @psi bound to a display name and their subject identifier(s).
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | the id of the topic map containing the type |
type_id | int | the id of the topic representing the type |
type_name | nvarchar(512) | the display name for the topic |
type_psi | nvarchar(440) | the subject identifier for the topic |
meta_type_psi | nvarchar(440) | the meta-type subject identifier for the topic |
is_abstract | nvarchar(10) | the value of the Abstract Facet for the type. Expected values are 'true' and 'false'. NOTE: The value of this column has been changed for TMCore07 SP4 from an ntext column to an nvarchar(10) column. |
Remarks
Summary
Returns all instances of the type identified by @psi bound to a display name, their subject identifier(s) and value type facet values.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The identifier of the topic map containing the facets |
item_id | int | the id of the topic that the facets apply to |
item_name | nvarchar(512) | the display name for the topic |
item_psi | nvarchar(440) | the subject identifier for the topic |
datatype | ntext | the value of the value datatype facet for the item |
min_value | ntext | the value of the minimum value facet for the item |
max_value | ntext | the value of the maximum value facet for the item |
value_pattern | ntext | the value of the value pattern facet for the item |
Remarks
Summary
Binds a topic with each of its occurrences and the occurrence type only.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the containing topic |
occur_id | int | The ID of the occurrence |
occur_type | int | The ID of the topic that types the occurrence |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each occurrence in the system. The view provides access to the container hierarchy for the occurrence and to the type of the occurrence. To access the string or locator value of the occurrence, use either tm_occurValue for string-valued occurrences or tm_occurResource for locator-valued occurrences.
Summary
Binds a topic with an occurrence, the occurrence type and the address of the resource referenced by the occurrence.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the containing topic |
occur_id | int | The ID of the occurrence |
occur_type | int | The ID of the topic that types the occurrence |
occur_resource | varchar(512) | The address of the occurrence locator value |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each occurrence in the system with a non-null resource reference locator. The view provides access to the container hierarchy of the occurrence, the occurrence type and the address pointed to by the locator value of the occurrence.
To query occurrences with a string value use the view tm_occurValue.
Summary
Binds an occurrence with the topics in the scope of the occurrence.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
occur_id | int | The ID of the occurrence |
scoping_topic_id | int | The ID of a topic in the scope of the occurrence |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each topic in the scope of each occurrence in the system. An occurrence which is unscoped will not appear in this view at all. An occurrence with N topics in its scope will appear in the view N times (once for each scoping topic).
Summary
Binds a topic with and occurrence, the occurrence type and the string value of the occurrence.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the containing topic |
occur_id | int | The ID of the topic occurrence |
occur_type | int | The ID of the topic that types the occurrence |
occur_value | ntext | The string value of the occurrence |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each occurrence in the system with a non-null string value. The view provides access to the container hierarchy for the occurrence, the type of the occurrence and the string value of the occurrencce.
To query occurrences with a locator value use the view tm_occurResource.
Summary
Binds a topic to its subject identifiers.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the topic |
subj_id | varchar(512) | The subject identifier address string |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each subject identifier in each separate topic map in the system.
Because this view spans multiple topic maps, it is possible for the view to contain multiple rows
with the same subj_id
column value, but the combination of
subj_id
and topicmap
must be unique due to topic map merging constraints.
Summary
Binds a topic to its subject locators.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | the ID of the topic |
subj_loc | varchar(512) | the subject locator address string |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each topic subject locator in each separate topic map in the system.
Because this view spans multiple topic maps, it is possible for the view to contain multiple rows
with the same subj_loc
column value, but the combination of
subj_loc
and topicmap
must be unique due to topic map merging constraints.
Summary
Binds topic map objects with their source locator(s) and a code indicating the type of topic map object.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
sl | varchar(512) | the value of the object source locator |
id | int | the id of the object with the source locator sl |
tm | int | the id of the topic map that contains the object |
object_type | char |
A single character object type code. The following codes are used:
|
Remarks
The view contains one row for each source locator in each topic map managed by the system.
Summary
Binds a topic with the topics that define its types.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | The ID of the topic. |
type_id | int | The ID of the topic type. |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each type of each topic in the TMCore System. Untyped topics are represented by a single row with the type_id column set to NULL.
Summary
Binds a topic map id to its name.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The identifier of the topic map. |
topicmap_name | nvarchar(512) | The name of the topic map. |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each topic map in the system.
Summary
Binds a topic to its source locators.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topicmap | int | The ID of the containing topic map |
topic_id | int | the ID of the topic |
src_loc | varchar(512) | the source locator address string |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each topic source locator in each separate topic map in the system.
Because this view spans multiple topic maps, it is possible for the view to contain multiple rows
with the same src_loc
column value, but the combination of
src_loc
and topicmap
must be unique due to topic map merging constraints.
Summary
Binds a variant name with the topics in the scope of the variant name.
View Description
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
variant_id | int | the id of the variant name |
scoping_topic_id | int | the id of a topic in the scope of the variant name |
Remarks
This view contains one row for each topic in the scope of each variant name in the system. A variant name which is unscoped will not appear in this view at all. A variant name with N topics in its scope will appear in the view N times (once for each scoping topic).
Function | Description |
---|---|
tm_displayName | Returns a display string for a topic selected from the topics variant names and topic names. |
tm_instanceOf | Binds a topic to the classes that it is an instance of. |
tm_sortName | Returns a sort string for a topic selected from the topics variant names and topic names. |
tm_subclasses | Binds a topic representing a class to the topics that represent all subclasses of that class. |
tm_superclasses | Binds a topic representing a class to the topics that represent all subclasses of that class. |
tm_tc | Calculates and returns the transitive closure formed by walking an association from a starting point traversing specific types of association and association role. |
tm_tc2 | Calculates and returns the transitive closure formed by walking an association from a starting point traversing specific types of association and association role. This version of the function returns each node in the transitive closure with its parent in the transitive closure path. |
tm_tc3 | Calculates and returns the transitive closure formed by walking an association from a starting point traversing specific types of association and association role. This version of the function returns each node in the transitive closure with its parent in the transitive closure path. |
Summary
Returns a display string for a topic selected from the topics variant names and topic names.
Input Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
@topic
|
int | the ID of the topic to return the display name for |
Returns
The string value of the display name for the topic or NULL if no suitable name was found.
Remarks
This function applies the following algorithm:
If any of those steps match multiple names, then the oldest item is returned. If none of the above steps match any names, NULL is returned.
Summary
Binds a topic to the classes that it is an instance of.
Input Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
@topicmap
|
int | The topic map to query |
@topic_id
|
int | the ID of the instance topic |
@class_id
|
int | the ID of the class |
Return Table
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
topic_id | int | The ID of the instance topic |
class_id | int | The ID of the class |
Remarks
This function observes the XTM standard superclass/subclass association.
If the topic_id
parameter is not NULL, and the class_id
parameter is NULL, then this method returns all direct types and supertypes
of the direct types of the topic_id
.
If the topic_id
parameter is NULL and the class_id
parameter is not NULL, then this method returns all instances of class_id
and all instances of all subclasses of class_id
.
If both topic_id
and class_id
are not NULL, this method returns
a single row containing topic_id
and class_id
if and only if
class_id
is a direct type of topic_id
or is a supertype of a
direct type of topic_id
.
If both topic_id
and class_id
are NULL, this method calculates
all direct types and superclasses for all topics in the topic map identified by topicmap
.
In this mode, the operation has the potential to be highly resource-intensive and so use
should be avoided where possible.
Summary
Returns a sort string for a topic selected from the topics variant names and topic names.
Input Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
@topic
|
int | the ID of the topic to return the sort name for |
Returns
The string value of the sort name for the topic or NULL if no suitable name was found.
Remarks
This function applies the following algorithm:
If any of those steps match multiple names, then the oldest name is returned. If none of the above steps match any names, NULL is returned.
Summary
Binds a topic representing a class to the topics that represent all subclasses of that class.
Input Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
@TopicMap
|
int | the topic map to be queried |
@cls
|
int | the base class to find all subclasses of |
Return Table
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
subclass | int | the ID of the topic that is a direct or indirect subclass of @cls
|
Remarks
This function uses the standard XTM-defined superclass-subclass association and association role types
to return all subclasses of the topic identified by the parameter cls
. The return from
this function is a table with a single column listing the ID of each topic which is either a direct
subclass of cls
(i.e. plays the role 'subclass' in a 'superclass-subclass' association
with cls
playing the role 'superclass') or an indirect subclass (i.e. it is a subclass
of a subclass of cls
).
Summary
Binds a topic representing a class to the topics that represent all subclasses of that class.
Input Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
@TopicMap
|
int | the topic map to be queried |
@cls
|
int | the base class to find all superclasses of |
Return Table
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
superclass | int | the ID of the topics that are a direct or indirect superclass of @cls .
|
Remarks
This function uses the standard XTM-defined superclass-subclass association and association role types
to return all superclasses of the topic identified by the parameter cls
. The return from
this function is a table with a single column listing the ID of each topic which is either a direct
superclass of cls
or an indirect superclass (i.e. it is a superclass of a superclass of
cls
).
Summary
Calculates and returns the transitive closure formed by walking an association from a starting point traversing specific types of association and association role.
Input Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
@START
|
int | The ID of the topic to start the transitive closure from. |
@ASSOCTYPE
|
int | The ID of the topic defining the type of association to be traversed. |
@FROMROLETYPE
|
int | The ID of the topic defining the type of association role to be walked *from* the edge of the transitive closure. |
@TOROLETYPE
|
int | the ID of the topic defining the type of the association role to be walked *to* across the edge of the transitive closure. |
Return Table
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
start_id | int | the id of the start topic in the transitive closure path |
to_id | int | the id of the end topic in the transitive closure path |
Remarks
A transitive closure is computed as a set of paths starting with START
. Each step in the path
is found by traversing an association role of type FROMROLETYPE
to an association of type
ASSOCTYPE
and traversing an association role of type TOROLETYPE
to another topic.
Each row in the return table represents one path in the transitive closure. Only the starting point and the end point of the path are included in the results - intermediate topics are ommitted.
This function is particularly useful for traversing hierarchies of related topics.
Summary
Calculates and returns the transitive closure formed by walking an association from a starting point traversing specific types of association and association role. This version of the function returns each node in the transitive closure with its parent in the transitive closure path.
Input Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
@START
|
int | The ID of the topic to start the transitive closure from. |
@ASSOCTYPE
|
int | The ID of the topic defining the type of association to be traversed. |
@FROMROLETYPE
|
int | The ID of the topic defining the type of association role to be walked *from* the edge of the transitive closure. |
@TOROLETYPE
|
int | the ID of the topic defining the type of the association role to be walked *to* across the edge of the transitive closure. |
Return Table
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
from_id | int | the id of the parent topic in the transitive closure path |
to_id | int | the id of the end topic in the transitive closure path |
Remarks
A transitive closure is computed as a set of paths starting with START
. Each step in the path
is found by traversing an association role of type FROMROLETYPE
to an association of type
ASSOCTYPE
and traversing an association role of type TOROLETYPE
to another topic.
Each row in the return table represents one path in the transitive closure. Only the starting point and the end point of the path are included in the results - intermediate topics are ommitted.
This function is particularly useful for traversing hierarchies of related topics.
Summary
Calculates and returns the transitive closure formed by walking an association from a starting point traversing specific types of association and association role. This version of the function returns each node in the transitive closure with its parent in the transitive closure path.
Input Parameters:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
@START
|
int | The ID of the topic to start the transitive closure from. |
@ASSOCTYPES
|
nvarchar(500) | The ID of the topic defining the type of association to be traversed. |
@FROMROLETYPES
|
nvarchar(500) | The ID of the topic defining the type of association role to be walked *from* the edge of the transitive closure. |
@TOROLETYPES
|
nvarchar(500) | the ID of the topic defining the type of the association role to be walked *to* across the edge of the transitive closure. |
Return Table
Column | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
from_id | int | the id of the parent topic in the transitive closure path |
to_id | int | the id of the end topic in the transitive closure path |
Remarks
A transitive closure is computed as a set of paths starting with START
. Each step in the path
is found by traversing an association role of type FROMROLETYPE
to an association of type
ASSOCTYPE
and traversing an association role of type TOROLETYPE
to another topic.
Each row in the return table represents one path in the transitive closure. Only the starting point and the end point of the path are included in the results - intermediate topics are ommitted.
This function is particularly useful for traversing hierarchies of related topics.